FCC Greenlights Controversial 'Night Sun' Satellite Plan

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has granted approval to Reflect Orbital, a California-based startup, to launch a single satellite designed to reflect sunlight back to Earth after dark. This satellite, named Earendil-1, will feature an 18-foot steerable reflector with the aim of testing technology that could power solar farms at night or provide illumination for rescue operations in disaster-stricken areas.

The decision follows substantial objections from environmental organizations and astronomers who voiced concerns about the potential for intrusive light pollution and eye damage to observers. The FCC received over 1,800 public comments, many of which opposed the plan for Earendil-1 due to these environmental and scientific impacts.

Despite the strong opposition, the FCC emphasized that its approval is strictly for a single demonstration satellite, intended to test an innovative technology that could enhance American leadership in space. The Commission stated that concerns regarding the solar reflector's potential harms fall outside its regulatory authority concerning radiofrequency spectrum, and any risks are outweighed by the public interest in supporting the testing of potentially groundbreaking technology.

Reflect Orbital plans to launch Earendil-1 later this year, using the mission to gather real-world data for future satellite designs and operational practices. The company has also committed to independent research on the technology's impacts and aims to avoid reflecting light near observatories or protected areas, noting requests to assist in search-and-rescue efforts.