AI Masks Docs: Truth or Trickery?

The documentary filmmaking landscape is evolving with the integration of artificial intelligence, particularly in using avatars to safeguard the identities of sensitive contributors. This innovative technique was notably employed in the 2023 film 'Another Body,' where a college student affected by deepfake pornography was digitally disguised. This method effectively shielded her identity while allowing her to recount her experience.

More recently, UK network Channel 4 utilized AI anonymization in 'Kill List: Hunted by Putin's Spies.' Netflix also deployed similar technology for its documentary 'The Investigation of Lucy Letby.' In this case, the mother of a child victim and a former friend of the convicted nurse provided emotional accounts behind AI-generated masks, sparking viewer commentary on social media regarding the uncanny nature of the disguises.

Companies like Deep Fusion Films are at the forefront, boasting advanced 'likeness replacement workflows' that overlay new identities and voices onto original footage while preserving facial expressions and emotions. While Netflix confirmed consent from participants for such masking, experts like Benjamin Field advocate for contributors to have control over their digital doubles. Rachel Antell, an experienced filmmaker, agrees on the importance of transparency and "rolling consent" with audiences, suggesting subtle signposting beyond disclaimers.

Despite potential concerns about the 'black box' nature of AI and audience unease, filmmakers believe that as the technology improves and artifice boosts authenticity, audiences will increasingly accept AI-driven masking techniques. The goal is to enhance emotional connection and allow the truth of sensitive stories to be heard more effectively.