Scientists Unlock Secrets to Slowing Human Aging

The emerging field of geroscience is focused on developing drugs to prevent age-related diseases and promote healthier, longer lives. As people age, cellular damage accumulates, leading to inflammation and reduced repair capabilities, which significantly increases the risk of conditions like cancer, dementia, and heart disease.

Researchers at Mabwell have initiated human trials for a drug, codenamed 9MW3811, designed to block interleukin-11 (IL-11). This molecule, which increases with age, contributes to chronic inflammation. A 2024 study in Nature demonstrated that 9MW3811 extended the lifespan of older mice by approximately 25% and reduced age-related cancers.

Other promising avenues include GLP-1 drugs, such as semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy), initially developed for diabetes and weight loss. A 2023 study in The New England Journal of Medicine found these drugs reduced heart attacks and strokes by 20%, with benefits extending beyond weight loss, possibly by reducing inflammation and the risk of Alzheimer's.

Experts like Professor Stephen Austad believe the first person to reach 150 years old may already be alive due to these advancements. Geroscientists themselves are proactively managing their health with various interventions, including cholesterol-lowering drugs, blood sugar regulators, and even low-dose lithium, based on intriguiging research. Some also experiment with rapamycin, which has shown robust results in slowing aging in laboratory animals.

However, not all anti-aging supplements are considered effective. Professor Matt Kaeberlein advises against NAD boosters due to weak human data, suggesting vitamin B3 as an alternative. Professor Nir Barzilai emphasizes that genetics play a significant role, but lifestyle factors like daily exercise and dietary changes, such as time-restricted eating and strength training, are crucial for influencing biology.

Metformin, a diabetes drug, is also being studied for its potential to prevent aging, with research indicating reduced cancer rates and a biological age reduction in monkeys. Professor Andrea Maier advocates for personalized gerodiagnostics, focusing on gut health, dual-task brain-and-body training, and strength training as key components of healthy aging. While definitive anti-aging drugs are still in development, lifestyle modifications and proactive healthcare can significantly extend healthy lifespans.