Bionic Eye Restores Sight for Degenerative Disease Patients

In the United States, individuals suffering from late-stage retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a degenerative eye condition, may soon benefit from a "bionic eye" implant that can restore limited vision. The Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System, commonly known as Argus II, received FDA approval in February of this year and is now undergoing extensive testing at select specialist eye centers across the nation.

The Argus II, developed by Second Sight, integrates a small camera attached to eyeglasses with a surgically implanted grid of 60 electrodes at the back of the patient's damaged retina. Images captured by the camera are wirelessly transmitted to these electrodes, which then stimulate the surviving healthy retinal nerves. This process allows patients to perceive basic light patterns, offering a perception of approximately 60 pixels in width, in black, white, and grey. Limited prior testing has demonstrated success, paving the way for its use in 12 American clinics.

While Argus II is a significant advancement, it is not the first attempt at retinal implants. Researchers globally are exploring various methods, including nanowire-based impulse delivery systems and integrated chip designs. Advances in miniaturization and nanomaterials are enabling smaller, lighter components for these diverse development projects.

Separately, the article touches upon the burgeoning trend of "implant body hacking," where individuals like Rich Lee are experimenting with subcutaneous magnets for embedded sound reception. This highlights a DIY approach to cybernetic enhancement, contrasting with the medical advancements in bionic eyes. The question arises whether these self-styled cyborgs or medical professionals will first achieve fully functional sensory augmentation.