Ancient Life Form Baffles Scientists: Not Plant, Animal, or Fungus

Around 400 million years ago, a colossal organism named Prototaxites dominated ancient landscapes, predating the evolution of trees and even many modern plants. Fossils of this enigmatic life form, some reaching up to 30 feet tall, have puzzled scientists for 160 years.

Initial theories proposed Prototaxites was a conifer trunk, then a lichen-like mass, and more recently, a type of fungus. However, new research published in Science Advances analyzed Prototaxites fossils from the Rhynie chert in Scotland. This analysis revealed that the organism's fossilized biomarkers were chemically distinct from fungi found in the same ancient environment.

Further examination of structural features also set Prototaxites apart from all known fungi, living or extinct. While some scientists suggest further study across diverse Prototaxites species is needed, the current findings challenge existing classifications, hinting at a potentially unique branch on the tree of life. Understanding this ancient giant sheds light on early life's complex and varied evolution.