Swallowing a Pill: The Hidden Dangers Lurking in Your Medicine Cabinet

As of November 14th, 2025, people around the world take an astonishing 3.8 trillion doses of medicine annually. While the oral route is the most common and convenient way to take medication, it can sometimes lead to unexpected complications.

One such issue is pill-induced oesophagitis, a condition where a tablet or capsule gets stuck in the lower oesophagus and begins to dissolve, releasing its active ingredients directly onto the delicate tissue. This can cause pain, inflammation, and even ulceration. Studies suggest the estimated incidence is 3.9 per 100,000 population per year, though it may be underreported.

Certain medications are more prone to causing this problem, including bisphosphonates used for osteoporosis, tetracycline antibiotics, and even over-the-counter supplements like caffeine tablets and vitamin C. Factors like age, anatomy, and underlying conditions can also increase the risk.

Fortunately, most mild cases resolve within a few weeks once the offending medication is stopped. Simple preventive measures like drinking plenty of water, taking pills on an empty stomach, and remaining upright afterwards can dramatically reduce the chances of developing pill-induced oesophagitis. In some cases, doctors may recommend alternative formulations or routes of administration to avoid the issue.