What is avoidant/restrictive food intake (ARFI)?

ARFI is an extreme form of picky eating where a child's food intake is so limited that it can lead to nutritional deficiencies or failure to meet energy needs.

How common is extreme picky eating in children?

A large international study found that between 6% and 18% of children aged 3 to 8 exhibit ARFI symptoms.

Can genetics influence picky eating habits?

Yes, research has identified genetic loci associated with ARFI, suggesting a biological component in feeding behaviors.

Home / Health / Extreme Picky Eating Linked to Child Development Issues

Extreme Picky Eating Linked to Child Development Issues

24 Nov

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Summary

Severe picky eating affects 6-18% of children aged 3-8.
Clinically significant cases are linked to developmental challenges.
Genetic factors, including appetite regulation genes, play a role.

Extreme Picky Eating Linked to Child Development Issues

New research indicates that extreme picky eating, termed avoidant/restrictive food intake (ARFI), is more prevalent and impactful than previously understood. Data from over 35,000 children suggests that 6 to 18 percent exhibit ARFI symptoms, with 2 to 3 percent experiencing clinically significant issues leading to nutritional deficiencies.

Children with persistent ARFI show greater likelihood of developmental difficulties in emotional, cognitive, and social areas. These challenges align with links to conditions like anxiety and autism. Physical complaints, particularly gastrointestinal problems, are also more common in these children.

The study identified specific genetic links, including the ADCY3 gene, affecting appetite regulation. With heritability estimates between 8-16%, biology contributes measurably. Researchers stress the need for early interventions and improved public health guidelines to support families facing these complex feeding challenges.