NWT Syphilis Cases Shift: Women Now More Affected

Seven years after a syphilis outbreak was declared in the Northwest Territories in 2019, a notable demographic shift has occurred. Initially, about 60 percent of cases were in men; however, by last year, approximately 60 percent of new infections were among women. Public health officials indicate that around 40 percent of all individuals diagnosed with syphilis reported substance use impairing their decision-making. Alcohol and crack cocaine were the most commonly cited substances.

Younger females appear particularly vulnerable due to potential age gaps with partners and reduced ability to negotiate safe sex or leave risky situations. The Northwest Territories currently holds the highest syphilis rate nationwide. Despite a decline in reported cases from a peak in 2022, reinfections remain a significant concern, with about 16 percent of cases in 2023 being reinfections due to high-risk sexual activity and untreated infections.

Efforts to combat the outbreak include distributing free condoms, with the territory having installed 306 dispensers and provided nearly 100,000 condoms since a pilot program began in 2022. While global supply chain issues are impacting condom prices, local supplies remain unaffected for now. Building trust within the healthcare system is identified as crucial for encouraging testing and treatment, alongside continued public health messaging on prevention and substance use.

The outbreak has had severe consequences, including 10 babies born with syphilis and two stillbirths since January 1, 2019. While syphilis is treatable with antibiotics, early detection can be challenging due to asymptomatic sores and flu-like symptoms. Untreated later stages can cause irreversible damage to vital organs. Public health officials emphasize that successful eradication requires widespread testing, prompt treatment for both partners, diligent reinfection assessment, and fostering greater trust in healthcare services.