Home / Health / Menopause Weakens Vaginal Defenses, Fueling STI Surge in Older Adults
Menopause Weakens Vaginal Defenses, Fueling STI Surge in Older Adults
2 Aug
Summary
- Menopause causes vaginal changes that increase STI risk
- Postmenopausal women have lower levels of key proteins that protect against infections
- Estrogen therapy can restore vaginal integrity and reduce STI susceptibility
As of August 2025, health experts are reporting a concerning rise in sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among midlife and older adults. While younger people still account for the majority of cases, the steepest spikes are happening in people aged 55 and up.
Researchers have identified a key factor behind this trend: the hormonal changes of menopause. More than a million American women hit menopause each year, marking the end of their reproductive years. This transition, driven by a drop in estrogen, can weaken the vaginal tissue itself, making it more prone to tearing and infection.
Studies show that postmenopausal women have significantly lower levels of proteins that strengthen the vaginal lining and restrict pathogen access. Experiments on mice found that estrogen loss left their vaginal tissue more vulnerable to herpes and chlamydia infections. Applying estrogen cream, however, fully protected the mice, suggesting hormone therapy could be a solution.
Experts say other factors, like lower condom use and less STI awareness among older adults, are also fueling the rise in infections. But the menopause-related changes in the vagina appear to be a critical, yet often overlooked, risk factor. As more people remain sexually active later in life, addressing this issue will be crucial for public health.
