Heat Risks Pregnant Women in India

India's maternal health gains over two decades are being challenged by climate change. The country now experiences an additional six days per year with temperatures high enough to pose risks to pregnant individuals. Over a five-year span, Mumbai alone recorded 26 extra such days.

Research indicates a 26% rise in preterm birth risk during heatwaves. Studies also link heat stress to increased miscarriage rates, low birth weight, and stillbirth. These risks are particularly concerning for India, which already has one of the highest rates of preterm births globally.

Frontline health workers, such as the million-plus ASHAs, are often exposed to extreme heat while delivering essential services. They currently lack sufficient protection and institutional support to address the growing climate-related health risks communities face.

Existing health programs and institutions require better coordination. Climate and health issues are managed separately, preventing a holistic approach to protect pregnant women and newborns from interconnected risks like heat, water scarcity, and disrupted access to care.

Adapting India's health systems involves updating current programs. This includes prioritizing pregnant women and health workers in Heat Action Plans, integrating heat-risk assessments into antenatal care, and investing in cooling measures for health facilities. Enhanced data systems are also crucial to track heat's impact on maternal and neonatal health.

The vulnerability to heat is shaped by socio-economic factors, housing, livelihoods, and access to services. Policymakers, funders, and civil society must collaborate to embed climate considerations into health programs and support innovative solutions for vulnerable communities.