India's Hidden Hunger Crisis: Millions Malnourished Despite Full Stomachs

Millions across India are experiencing "hidden hunger," a critical state of micronutrient malnutrition despite adequate calorie intake. Deficiencies in iron, vitamin D, and other essential nutrients are widespread, impacting health, immunity, and cognitive development, particularly among young children and women of reproductive age. This pervasive issue, affecting over half the population, fuels intergenerational malnutrition and hinders national progress.

To combat this crisis, India has implemented a national food fortification program, enriching staples like rice, oil, milk, and salt with vital micronutrients. Initiated decades ago with salt iodisation and oil fortification, these efforts have expanded through welfare schemes. Despite progress, challenges remain in consistent implementation and supply chain efficiency at state and district levels.

Fortification offers a cost-effective solution, complementing diversification and supplementation strategies. Prime Minister Modi has emphasized nutrition's link to economic security. By 2026, a concerted effort involving government, industry, schools, and communities is essential to accelerate fortification and achieve goals for a healthier India.