Global Gonorrhoea Surge: Millions Infected Annually

Gonorrhoea, a bacterial infection, affects millions globally, with an estimated 82.4 million new cases among adults in 2020. This sexually transmitted infection, caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, often presents no symptoms, particularly in women and in pharyngeal or rectal sites, allowing for easy transmission.

Unprotected vaginal, oral, or anal sex are common causes, though chemical irritants and trauma can also play a role. Symptoms can include painful urination, discharge, and itching. In women, untreated gonorrhoea can lead to severe complications such as fallopian tube scarring, infertility, and ectopic pregnancies.

Diagnosis typically involves urine or swab tests, with the Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT) considered the gold standard. Studies in India have highlighted rising antimicrobial resistance and a significant infection rate in men who have sex with men (MSM), indicating the need for comprehensive testing beyond just genital sites.

Treatment involves antibiotics, with guidelines recommending specific intramuscular injections and a 7-day abstinence from sexual activity. Co-screening for other STIs like HIV, chlamydia, and syphilis is advised. Infants born to infected mothers are at risk of ophthalmia neonatorum and sepsis, emphasizing the importance of prenatal screening and treatment for pregnant women.