Genetic Superpower: Some People Truly Need Less Sleep

A growing body of scientific evidence suggests that for some people, needing very little sleep is not a choice but a genetic inheritance. Conditions like familial natural short sleep (FNSS) involve rare mutations that allow individuals to function well on just four to six-and-a-half hours of sleep per night. Research indicates these genetic variations may not only reduce sleep needs but also protect individuals from common negative effects, such as memory deficits.

Overall, genetics plays a substantial role in determining our sleep duration, accounting for an estimated 30% to 65% of the differences between individuals. While rare mutations are dramatic examples, hundreds of common genetic variants also subtly influence how long we sleep. Scientists are actively investigating how these genetic predispositions function, with hopes of developing future treatments for sleep disorders.

However, having a genetic predisposition for short sleep does not always confer benefits. Some studies suggest these variants can be linked to an increased risk of insomnia, fatigue, and certain health conditions, including ADHD and type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, individuals often underestimate their own impairment due to sleep deprivation, making self-assessment unreliable.