When Your Body Fights Your Brain: Autoimmune Encephalitis

Autoimmune encephalitis is a rare condition where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the brain, leading to inflammation and disruption of brain function. This can manifest as confusion, memory lapses, attention difficulties, and even seizures or hallucinations. While sometimes triggered by viral infections, the cause remains unknown in many cases.

Diagnosing autoimmune encephalitis can be challenging, as its symptoms often mimic more common conditions like depression or dementia. MRI and PET scans may show signs of inflammation, but definitive diagnosis relies on a combination of symptoms, supportive findings, and sometimes antibody tests. Delays in diagnosis can worsen brain injury, underscoring the need for prompt medical attention.

Treatment typically involves reducing inflammation through immunotherapy, often combined with supportive care for cognitive and emotional symptoms. While many individuals can make a full recovery with early treatment and support, the recovery timeline varies, and some may experience lasting cognitive challenges. Mental health support and flexible arrangements are vital for rebuilding independence.