Ocean Heat: Volcanoes Off Hook, Shipping Suspected

Ocean waters are experiencing unprecedented warmth, a phenomenon largely attributed to climate change and the El Nino weather pattern. While initial investigations explored underwater volcanic activity and fluctuations in solar cycles as potential drivers, these theories have been largely dismissed. Studies indicate that the massive Hunga Tonga volcano eruption had a minimal cooling effect, and the sun's natural cycles do not account for the current extreme ocean temperatures.

Emerging research points to international shipping regulations as a potential contributing factor. New rules implemented in 2020 mandated cleaner fuels, reducing sulfur pollution. This reduction, while beneficial for air quality and health, may have decreased the formation of reflective clouds that previously helped cool ocean surfaces. Scientists are investigating if this change has allowed more solar energy to be absorbed by the oceans, exacerbating the warming trend. The Earth's natural climate variability, characterized by warming in 'fits and starts,' may also play a role.