Marine 'super-spreader' event feared from Middle East shipping halt

Vessels halted by the Iran war near the Strait of Hormuz risk unleashing invasive marine organisms worldwide. Scientists warn that months of submersion allow organisms to colonize ship hulls, creating a potential "super-spreader event" upon trade resumption. This scenario is amplified by the spring season, encouraging rapid growth. The accumulation of these organisms, known as biofouling, also increases ships' drag, leading to higher fuel consumption and emissions, costing the shipping industry billions annually.

Historically, invasive species have hitched rides on ships, causing ecological and economic damage. Examples include the Australasian barnacle in Western Europe and rope grass hydroid in the Chesapeake Bay. There is also a risk of pathogens spreading, as seen with Vibrio cholerae found on ships arriving from Latin America. Organisms from the resilient Middle East waters, adapted to extreme temperatures, are particularly concerning.

While the U.S. and North America face lower risks due to distance, ports along the Gulf Coast are more vulnerable. Researchers recommend in-water cleanings and early detection methods, though practical implementation faces challenges. Strengthening biofouling management is crucial, as climate change is expected to further increase such risks by warming ocean temperatures.