India Boasts 70% of World's Wild Tigers, Thanks to Landmark 1972 Law

In 2025, India continues to be a global leader in wildlife conservation, boasting over 3,167 tigers that make up more than 70% of the world's wild tiger population. This remarkable achievement is the result of the country's landmark Wildlife Protection Act, which was passed 53 years ago in 1972.

Prior to the Act, India was a "hunting nation" where shooting tigers was seen as a status symbol. However, the 1972 law put an end to this practice, banning the hunting of 61 species and establishing a network of wildlife sanctuaries and national parks. The Act was a crucial turning point, as it provided the legal framework to protect India's rich natural heritage.

Over the years, the Wildlife Protection Act has been amended several times, with the most significant changes coming in 2022. These updates focused on aligning the law with international agreements like the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), as well as strengthening penalties for violations. Today, the Act continues to be a vital tool in India's efforts to conserve its diverse wildlife, including not only tigers but also 60% of the global wild elephant population.

The passage of the Wildlife Protection Act was made possible by strong political will, particularly from then-Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. Her support, along with the efforts of dedicated conservationists, helped transform India's approach to wildlife management and enshrine protection as a national priority.