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Electric Vehicles Produce More Pollution Than Gas Cars in Early Years
30 Oct
Summary
- EVs produce 30% more CO2 emissions in first 2 years
- Lithium mining and battery manufacturing contribute 50% of EV's CO2 emissions in year 1
- EVs outperform fossil fuel vehicles over 18-year lifespan
According to a study published in October 2025, electric vehicles (EVs) actually produce more pollution than their petrol or diesel counterparts in the first few years of operation. The research, conducted by scientists from Duke University, reveals that battery-powered EVs generate 30% more CO2 emissions during their initial two years of use.
The study found that the environmental costs of battery manufacturing and lithium mining contribute approximately 50% of an EV's total CO2 emissions in the first year. This energy-intensive process outweighs the reduction in fuel use that EVs provide. However, the tables turn by year three, and over a typical 18-year lifespan, electric vehicles result in a significant reduction in cumulative CO2 emissions compared to internal combustion engine vehicles.
The researchers used a model that analyzes the full scope of a vehicle's climate impact, including emissions from fuel production, battery manufacturing, vehicle assembly, and operation. They determined that petrol and diesel cars cause about $1,605 (£1,214) worth of environmental damage per year, while a comparable EV does only $629 (£475) worth of damage annually across its lifespan.
