Aquarium Trade Relies Heavily on Wild-Caught, Endangered Fish

According to a study published in Conservation Biology on October 8th, 2025, the global aquarium trade is heavily dependent on wild-caught marine fish, with significant implications for threatened and endangered species. The analysis of 734 marine fish species sold by major US aquarium e-retailers found that approximately 90% were sourced solely from wild populations, while only 3% were exclusively farmed.

The aquarium industry is a lucrative global market, worth an estimated US$2.15 billion annually, with the US comprising two-thirds of global demand. However, the supply chain is often opaque, making it difficult for consumers to know the origin and sustainability of the fish they purchase. The study found that 45 of the species sold were listed as threatened or in decline by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

Experts warn that the unsustainable trade in wild-caught marine fish could further imperil already vulnerable species. Stronger traceability and oversight of the supply chain, as well as increased consumer awareness, are needed to address the issue. Credible eco-certification schemes could help consumers make informed choices and support well-managed wild fisheries that protect biodiversity while providing economic opportunities for local communities.