Penguins Starving: Fish Stocks Collapse

The African penguin population has dramatically collapsed, with fewer than 10,000 breeding pairs left, leading to a critically endangered status. Over the past three decades, an estimated 80% population decrease has occurred, largely attributed to pollution, habitat loss, and severe food scarcity. Recent studies indicate starvation as a leading cause of death, with tens of thousands of birds perishing from malnourishment between 2004 and 2011.

Declining fish stocks, primarily sardines and anchovies, are a major concern. Climate change and intense commercial fishing have drastically reduced these essential food sources, forcing penguins to travel further for sustenance. This shift negatively impacts adult survival and chick rearing, with sardine numbers reportedly at only 25% of their historical levels in Western Southern Africa.