Youngest Students' Scores Lag Years After Pandemic

First and second graders' academic performance still lags behind pre-pandemic levels, with reading scores showing particular stagnation. Despite initial disruptions, research indicates that these youngest students, who were infants or not yet born when COVID-19 hit in early 2020, are facing persistent challenges. While math scores have seen a slow increase, reading scores have remained flat since the spring of 2021.

This ongoing academic slump is not solely attributed to instructional interruptions. Researchers point to systemic issues both within and outside schools. A significant factor may be a decline in parents reading to their children, an activity crucial for literacy development. Data from the United Kingdom showed a sharp drop in reading to young children.

Beyond home-based influences, opportunities for early childhood development were impacted for many. Children who were in preschool or early childhood programs during the pandemic missed out on crucial social interactions and experiences that build language and literacy skills. These missed opportunities continue to affect young learners, especially those from low-income families.

In response, some regions are increasing investment in early literacy programs. California has introduced universal pre-kindergarten, and New York City is expanding its program to include 2-year-olds. New Mexico has made childcare free for nearly all families, aiming to provide a stronger foundation for young students.