Night's New Sun: Space Mirrors to Power Earth?

Reflect Orbital, a startup from Hawthorne, California, has applied to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for approval to test a novel concept: a constellation of orbiting mirrors designed to reflect sunlight to Earth during the night. The company aims to power solar farms after sunset, provide light for emergencies, and illuminate urban areas.

The initial test satellite, about the size of a dorm fridge, would carry a nearly 60-foot-wide mirror. If approved, it could launch as soon as this summer. This concept echoes earlier proposals from the 1970s and 1990s, though it faces significant scientific opposition.

Critics, including astronomers and biologists, worry about the potential impact on wildlife circadian rhythms, flight safety, and astronomical research. They point to issues like light pollution and the potential confusion of migratory patterns and breeding cycles for various species.

However, the FCC's review primarily concerns radio communications interference and the safe disposal of spacecraft. Environmental impacts are generally outside the agency's purview for space-based activities. The company aims for a full constellation of 50,000 satellites by 2035.

While Reflect Orbital claims its technology can reduce fossil fuel reliance, astronomers like Michael Brown and Gaspar Bakos have raised doubts about its efficiency and the potential for light scattering beyond targeted areas. Dr. Bakos suggests the concept might be better suited for the moon, which lacks an atmosphere.