What is Q-day and why does it threaten VPNs?

Q-day refers to the future point when quantum computers become powerful enough to break current encryption standards, which could compromise the security of VPNs.

Which VPNs are adopting post-quantum encryption (PQE)?

ExpressVPN, NordVPN, and Mullvad VPN are among the providers that have begun implementing post-quantum encryption in their services.

What are the downsides of post-quantum encryption for VPNs?

PQE can lead to slightly slower connection speeds and latency, and may have compatibility issues with certain VPN features or older devices.

Home / Technology / Quantum Threat: Will Your VPN Survive Q-Day?

Quantum Threat: Will Your VPN Survive Q-Day?

13 Dec

•

Summary

Quantum computers could break current VPN encryption rapidly.
Post-quantum encryption (PQE) is emerging to safeguard VPNs.
Some VPNs offer quantum-safe options, but with performance trade-offs.

Quantum Threat: Will Your VPN Survive Q-Day?

Powerful quantum computers, expected to emerge before 2030, pose a significant risk to current internet encryption, including that used by Virtual Private Networks (VPNs). These advanced machines could decrypt sensitive data in minutes, rendering today's security obsolete. To counter this threat, a new generation of algorithms known as post-quantum encryption (PQE) is being developed and implemented by some VPN providers.

PQE uses quantum-resistant cryptographic problems to secure data, offering protection against quantum attacks. While traditional encryption relies on bits, quantum computers utilize qubits, enabling vastly superior processing power. Organizations like NIST are standardizing these new algorithms. Despite the potential risks, PQE is not yet universally adopted due to trade-offs such as reduced connection speeds and potential feature incompatibilities.

Leading VPN services like ExpressVPN, NordVPN, and Mullvad VPN are already integrating PQE into their offerings, often through custom protocols or updated standards like ML-KEM. However, users might experience slower performance or need to disable certain features to utilize quantum-safe protection. As Q-day approaches, PQE is expected to become a standard feature for all VPNs to ensure continued online privacy and security.