Moon's Future: A Satellite Graveyard?

The moon is anticipated to become a celestial graveyard for an increasing number of defunct satellites and space hardware. This development stems from a projected surge in lunar missions over the next twenty years, driven by ambitions for moon bases, mining, and scientific instruments. Constellations of satellites will support this expansion.

As these satellites reach the end of their operational lives, without an atmosphere for controlled de-orbiting like on Earth, operators must find alternative disposal methods. Concerns have been raised about potential damage to historical sites, astronaut footprints, and sensitive scientific equipment from uncontrolled impacts. This necessitates a proactive approach to manage potential space debris.

To address this, international bodies and space agencies are collaborating to establish best practices. Leading proposals include designating specific 'graveyard zones' or large craters for controlled crash-landings. This strategy aims to concentrate debris, minimizing disruption to other areas and preserving the lunar surface for scientific exploration and future operations. The impacts could even offer seismic data.