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Ancient Shipwreck Yields DNA and Edible Treasures
23 Apr
Summary
- Wreck of Italian ship San Giorgio e Sant'Elmo Buonaventura discovered near Cadiz.
- Exceptional preservation revealed ancient food, dyes, and crew's DNA.
- Finds include animal remains, sealed jars, and insect dye from Mexico.
A significant underwater archaeological discovery has been made in the Bay of Cadiz with the recovery of the Italian ship San Giorgio e Sant'Elmo Buonaventura. This vessel was among those destroyed during Sir Francis Drake's raid on the port in 1587. The wreck, lying submerged in mud, was preserved in an anaerobic environment, safeguarding its organic contents.
Researchers unearthed skeletal remains of various animals, including cows, pigs, goats, and chickens, alongside a human skull showing a forehead impact. Sealed jars containing olives and spices were also found, offering a glimpse into provisions. DNA analysis from these jars identified pathogens linked to pneumonia and skin infections, shedding light on the crew's health conditions.
One of the most notable discoveries was the presence of wooden barrels filled with cochineal dye, derived from the Dactylopius coccus insect native to Mexico. This vibrant dye was a highly prized trade good. The barrels, made from Baltic wood, bear dates consistent with the ship's sinking, underscoring the extensive trade routes of the 16th century.
