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Ancient Koala Species Vanished 30,000 Years Ago
6 May
Summary
- A second koala species lived in western Australia and is now extinct.
- This extinct species disappeared around 30,000 years ago due to climate change.
- Fossil evidence reveals subtle differences from modern koalas.
Fossil discoveries indicate that a second koala species, Phascolarctos sulcomaxilliaris, once inhabited Western Australia. This now-extinct species differed subtly from the modern koala, featuring shorter heads and less developed chewing muscles, yet possessing larger teeth for efficient leaf breakdown. A unique groove on its cheek suggests adaptations for enhanced grip or smell.
The climate shift that led to the drying of Western Australia approximately 30,000 years ago caused the extinction of P. sulcomaxilliaris. This period also saw the disappearance of other large fauna, such as Tasmanian devils and thylacines, events that were witnessed by the Indigenous peoples of Western Australia.
Today, only one koala species, Phascolarctos cinereus, survives, primarily in eastern Australia's eucalyptus forests. This species faces ongoing threats including habitat loss and disease, highlighting the vulnerability of Australia's unique marsupial populations.
