Yellow Fever: Deadly Mosquito Disease Strikes Africa

Yellow fever is a severe infectious disease transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes, primarily Aedes species. It can cause critical illnesses including liver disease, bleeding, and jaundice, with symptoms appearing three to six days after infection. While many experience mild or no initial symptoms, a small percentage progress to a toxic phase, which can be fatal.

The disease is endemic in 34 African nations and 13 countries in Central and South America, contributing to an estimated 29,000 to 60,000 deaths each year. The World Health Organization has identified yellow fever as a global health security threat due to its historical international spread, notably during outbreaks in Angola in 2015-2016.

Crucially, yellow fever is vaccine-preventable, with a single dose conferring lifelong immunity. Efforts to combat the disease also include mosquito bite prevention measures such as using repellent and nets, and advancements like introducing Wolbachia bacteria to mosquitoes. Historically, yellow fever outbreaks have had significant impacts, including delaying the Panama Canal's construction.