Testosterone, Not Estrogen, Linked to Teen Girls' Distress

Researchers have identified testosterone as a significant factor in the mental health changes experienced by girls during puberty. Contrary to previous assumptions that estrogen was the main hormonal culprit, new findings indicate that early increases in testosterone levels are more strongly linked to symptoms of depression and anxiety. These hormonal shifts can occur as early as age 10, predating the typical rise in estrogen levels which usually happens between ages 11 and 13. While estrogen changes correlated more with physical maturation, the early testosterone spikes showed a higher correlation with mental distress.

This research underscores that puberty is a complex biological transition impacting the brain. According to co-author Assaf Oshri, testosterone can make the brain more susceptible to social feedback, potentially explaining heightened mental health risks. The early pubertal window, approximately ages 10 to 12, is identified as a crucial time for intervention and support to foster emotional well-being. Experts emphasize that puberty itself is not a problem but a period of increased sensitivity requiring awareness and support.