Risk-Based Mammograms: Safer Screening Ahead?

A recent randomized clinical trial indicates that personalized breast cancer screening, based on individual risk factors, may be as safe as the standard annual mammogram approach. This tailored strategy could significantly reduce unnecessary testing for women at lower risk and improve diagnostic focus for those with higher risk profiles. The study, published in JAMA, explored this novel approach over five years with 28,400 participants.

The findings suggest that risk-based screening did not result in more advanced cancers or higher biopsy rates compared to annual screening. Women identified as high-risk received earlier and more frequent screenings, including advanced imaging, while low-risk women underwent fewer tests. This personalized method also saw an increase in the use of risk-reducing medications among high-risk individuals.

Despite promising results, the study faced limitations, including poor adherence to recommended screening schedules and a demographic skewed towards white, college-educated women. Concerns remain about ensuring equitable and effective screening for all populations, particularly Black women who face higher mortality rates from aggressive breast cancer forms. Experts emphasize the need for further research to address these disparities and public perception challenges.