Lyme Disease: What You Need to Know

Lyme disease, also known as Lyme borreliosis, is a bacterial infection transmitted to humans through the bite of infected blacklegged or deer ticks. These ticks acquire the bacteria by feeding on infected hosts and can then pass it on when they bite humans. The bacteria require a prolonged attachment period to spread, making prompt tick removal a critical preventative measure.

Symptoms of Lyme disease can vary, with a notable indicator being a rash that often resembles a bullseye or target around the initial bite area. This rash may appear within weeks to months after the bite. Other common signs include headaches, fever, joint pain, muscle aches, and extreme tiredness. While considered uncommon in the UK, with approximately 1,581 laboratory-confirmed cases in 2024, it is more prevalent in certain regions of the US, particularly the Northeast and mid-Atlantic.

Early diagnosis and treatment, typically with a course of antibiotics prescribed by a doctor, are most effective in managing Lyme disease. While most individuals recover well, some may experience lingering symptoms for an extended period, even years. Prevention strategies include checking for ticks after outdoor activities in grassy or wooded areas, using insect repellent, and wearing protective clothing. Pets, including dogs and cats, can also contract Lyme disease from tick bites and are treated similarly with antibiotics.