HbA1c Explained: Your 3-Month Sugar Snapshot

HbA1c provides a crucial overview of average blood sugar levels over a two to three-month period, offering more insight than single glucose tests. It measures glucose attached to hemoglobin in red blood cells, with higher percentages indicating elevated blood sugar.

Normal HbA1c readings are below 5.7%. A range of 5.7% to 6.4% signals prediabetes. A diagnosis of diabetes is confirmed at 6.5% or higher, requiring at least two separate test results. For diagnosed diabetics, a target below 7% is typical, though personalized based on individual health factors.

These percentages can be approximated to estimated average glucose (eAG) readings, helping patients understand the impact of daily fluctuations. For example, an HbA1c of 6% correlates to approximately 126 mg/dL of eAG.

Consistently high HbA1c levels pose a significant risk for long-term complications affecting vital organs like the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and heart. This test acts as an early indicator of metabolic stress, even if individuals feel well.

Encouragingly, HbA1c levels can be improved through balanced nutrition, regular exercise, weight management, stress control, and necessary medications. Regular monitoring, typically every three to six months for those with diabetes, is essential for tracking progress and adjusting treatment to prevent complications.