Fall immunization push: Flu, COVID, RSV vaccines ready

Respiratory virus specialists are urging Canadians to receive their influenza vaccinations as soon as they are accessible this autumn. Most provinces are slated to begin public distribution of the flu vaccine by the end of October, at no cost. In Ontario, both flu and COVID-19 shots became available on September 28 for specific high-risk groups, including seniors and those in long-term care. The general recommendation for the flu vaccine extends to everyone six months of age and older.

A higher-dose flu vaccine is specifically recommended for adults aged 65 and above, acknowledging that older immune systems may require a more robust response. While a nasal spray alternative exists, its availability varies. Evidence suggests that even last season's flu vaccine provided 40% protection against severe outcomes.

Experts anticipate an early flu season, reinforcing the advice to get vaccinated promptly. Peak protection from the flu shot lasts about three months, and it takes approximately two weeks for immunity to develop post-vaccination. Parents are particularly encouraged to get their children immunized, as flu can be severe for pediatric populations, especially those with underlying health conditions.

Pregnant individuals are also identified as a priority group for flu and other respiratory virus vaccinations, as severe infections during pregnancy can pose significant risks to both mother and child. The H1N1 influenza A type is currently circulating in some areas, with potential to disproportionately affect younger populations, while H3N2 has historically impacted older adults more severely.

For Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), new antibody treatments, nirsevimab or clesrovimab, are recommended for all infants during their first RSV season. Certain high-risk infants, including premature babies and those with chronic health conditions, may receive a second dose in their second season. Adults aged 75 and older are also at higher risk and should consider vaccination.

Adults aged 65-74 with specific chronic health conditions, as well as certain transplant recipients and individuals on long-term care, home oxygen, or dialysis, are also advised to get the RSV vaccine. The need for annual RSV vaccination in adults is still under investigation.

Regarding COVID-19, NACI strongly recommends vaccination for individuals 65 and older, long-term care residents, and those in assisted living. Annual vaccination is advised for those 80 and older, immunocompromised individuals, and seniors with underlying health conditions. Age remains a significant risk factor for severe illness, with seniors accounting for the majority of hospitalizations and deaths.