Gestational Diabetes Lingers: Half of Indian Moms Develop Type 2

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), characterized by elevated blood sugar during pregnancy, has a higher prevalence in India at approximately 22% compared to the global average of 15%. This condition often signifies a lasting metabolic risk for many women, leading to the development of Type 2 diabetes.

A three-year study conducted in Ahmedabad, from 2023 to 2026, observed 247 women diagnosed with GDM. The findings revealed that roughly 50% of these participants still had high blood sugar levels three years after giving birth.

Leading the research, diabetologist Rutul Gokalani noted that pregnancy can unveil a hidden predisposition to diabetes. He explained that placental hormones causing fetal growth can also induce insulin resistance, resulting in blood sugar spikes. About 60% of the women required insulin and metformin for adequate management.

Furthermore, the study indicated that low-birth-weight infants were more frequently born to mothers with GDM, contrary to previous assumptions. The majority of GDM cases (about 60%) occurred during first pregnancies, and a third of the women had a family history of diabetes, suggesting a genetic component.

Associate professor Komal Shah emphasized the importance of post-partum surveillance for women with a history of GDM. Early identification of high-risk individuals during pregnancy and consistent follow-up care after delivery are crucial for timely intervention, potentially preventing or delaying the onset of Type 2 diabetes.