What is "bubble boy disease" and how is it treated now?

"Bubble boy disease" is severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). A new gene therapy is now a successful treatment, often restoring immune function.

How effective is the new gene therapy for SCID patients like Cora Oakley?

The gene therapy has been highly effective, with studies showing nearly all ADA-SCID patients treated were alive and most had their immune systems fully restored.

Why is gene therapy considered safer than bone-marrow transplants for SCID?

Gene therapy avoids risks associated with bone-marrow transplants, such as graft-versus-host disease and the need for immunosuppressants.

Home / Health / Gene Therapy Cures "Bubble Boy Disease"

Gene Therapy Cures "Bubble Boy Disease"

27 Nov, 2025

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Summary

Gene therapy successfully restored immune systems in 95% of ADA-SCID patients.
New gene therapy offers safer alternative to bone-marrow transplants for SCID.
Millions in cost and limited access remain significant barriers for gene therapy.

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), notoriously known as "bubble boy disease," is no longer a near-certain death sentence for many infants thanks to a revolutionary gene therapy. This advanced treatment targets faulty stem cells, correcting them in a lab before reintroduction, thereby rebuilding a functional immune system. The therapy has shown remarkable success, with nearly all treated patients surviving and most regaining full immune function.

Previously, bone-marrow transplants were the standard, a complex procedure with harsh side effects and a dependence on compatible donors. Gene therapy significantly reduces risks like graft-versus-host disease and the need for immunosuppressants. Early studies reveal that children treated with gene therapy experience fewer complications and faster recovery compared to those who undergo transplants.

Despite the immense progress, access to this life-saving treatment remains a critical hurdle. The high cost, potentially millions per patient, and the current confinement of gene therapy to clinical trials limit its availability. Without pharmaceutical company involvement, sustained funding from nonprofits and agencies is essential to ensure more SCID-affected children can benefit from this remarkable scientific achievement.