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Early GDM: A Higher Risk for Future Diabetes
14 Dec
Summary
- Early gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects one in five pregnant women.
- Early GDM indicates a significantly higher risk of developing diabetes later in life.
- Asian Indian women show higher prevalence and distinct risk factors for early GDM.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosed early in pregnancy affects about one in five expectant mothers, according to a comprehensive study conducted across seven antenatal clinics. This early form of GDM, identified before 20 weeks gestation, is linked to a significantly elevated risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life, distinguishing it from GDM typically diagnosed between 24-28 weeks.
The STRiDE study, involving over 2700 pregnant women in Chennai, Hyderabad, and Puducherry, reported prevalence rates of 21.5% for early GDM and 19.5% for late GDM. Women with early GDM exhibited higher early-pregnancy weight, BMI, blood pressure, and a greater history of prior GDM or family diabetes. Late GDM, however, was more strongly associated with a family history of diabetes alone.
Researchers emphasize the need for further studies to determine optimal GDM screening timings, ideal testing methods, and effective treatment strategies. Given the higher prevalence of GDM in India compared to Western countries, proactive preparedness and in-depth genomic and genetic investigations are crucial for managing this condition and improving maternal and fetal health outcomes.
