Beyond HbA1c: CGM offers detailed glucose insights

The HbA1c test, which measures average blood sugar over two to three months, is a useful indicator but is not universally reliable. Conditions such as anemia, certain hemoglobin variants, recent blood loss, kidney or liver disease, and even pregnancy can significantly distort HbA1c results, according to diabetology experts. In such cases, a more dynamic and personalized approach to monitoring glucose levels becomes essential for effective management.

Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) is highlighted as a powerful tool for tracking blood glucose over time. This technology uses a small, under-the-skin sensor to continuously monitor glucose levels day and night. It provides detailed insights into trends, daily fluctuations, and how the body responds to meals, stress, and physical activity. CGM offers metrics like 'time in range,' which are often more meaningful for day-to-day management than a single average.

For individuals without access to CGM, structured self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) using a glucometer remains a critical practice. Checking fasting, pre-meal, and post-meal sugars over several days can help identify important patterns and guide necessary therapy adjustments. Additionally, fructosamine, a marker reflecting average glucose levels over the past two to three weeks, can be particularly useful for shorter-term monitoring or when HbA1c accuracy is compromised. Ultimately, clinical practice emphasizes combining these various monitoring tools rather than relying on a single number, considering patient-specific factors like access, cost, and comfort for a sustainable and effective strategy.