Ujani Dam Suffers Ecological Collapse

An ecological crisis is unfolding at Maharashtra's Ujani dam, a crucial reservoir and Important Bird Area. Scientific assessments indicate dangerously poor water quality, primarily due to untreated sewage and chemical effluents flowing in through the Bhima river. This pollution has created thick, foul-smelling scum, signaling severe eutrophication and oxygen depletion, which threaten biodiversity.

The reservoir's ecosystem is further stressed by invasive alien species, including water hyacinth and plants like Ipomoea, alongside fish such as Tilapia and African Catfish. These invasives are outcompeting native species, disrupting the food web and accelerating biodiversity loss. The Suckermouth Catfish, in particular, damages fishing nets, causing economic hardship for local fishermen.

The consequences extend to agriculture in Pune, Solapur, and Ahilyanagar districts, where polluted irrigation water has degraded soil and reduced crop yields by 10 to 12 tonnes per acre for sugarcane. Human and livestock health are also compromised, with prevalent skin and stomach ailments reported. About 4,000 fishing families face livelihood loss as native fish species have nearly vanished.

To address this, a wetland restoration program is underway, focusing on removing invasive species, restoring native habitats, and promoting sustainable fishing practices. Experts emphasize the immediate need for large-scale effluent treatment plants, strict control over sewage discharge, and relocation of garbage depots to avert irreversible damage.