Suchindram Lake Chokes on Pollution and Encroachment, Imperiling Vital Wetland Ecosystem

As of October 2025, the Suchindram Eri (lake) Kulam, a vital wetland complex in Kanniyakumari district, is facing a dire crisis. This important Ramsar site, which serves as a crucial stopover for migratory birds and a habitat for diverse wildlife, is gradually succumbing to neglect, pollution, and encroachment.

The lake, which once thrived as a vibrant ecosystem, is now choked by sewage inflow, unregulated waste dumping, the proliferation of invasive weeds like water hyacinth, and illegal lotus cultivation. Nearby waterbodies like Koonikulam, Nadu Kulam, and Parakkai Kulam have also fallen victim to these issues, further degrading the overall wetland complex.

Experts warn that the rampant growth of water hyacinths and lotus cultivation is disrupting oxygen levels and affecting aquatic life, while encroachments along the banks are destroying the crucial mudflats that serve as feeding grounds for migratory wading birds. The failure to address the core problems, such as sewage intrusion and illegal activities, has transformed this once-thriving wetland into a polluted, gasping waterbody.

Authorities have acknowledged the need for action, with the Nagercoil Corporation initiating a ₹40 lakh project to desilt the Parakkin Kaal, a major feeder channel, and the Water Resources Department proposing additional measures. However, conservationists emphasize that a comprehensive, long-term plan is necessary to restore the Suchindram-Theroor-Manakkudy wetland complex and prevent further degradation of this vital ecological treasure.