South India's Air Pollution: Who Pollutes Whom?

A comprehensive study on air quality management in South India has quantified the contribution of each state to regional pollution levels. The research indicates that between 38% and 65% of annual average pollution in these states originates from within South India itself. Unlike the Indo-Gangetic Plain, pollution patterns in the South are influenced by meteorological conditions and geography, with no single pollution hotspot identified.

Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh stand out as net contributors, exporting more pollution to neighboring states than they receive. Conversely, Kerala and Telangana are net receivers. Karnataka, due to its central location, both receives and exports moderate pollution. Domestic activities, industrial processes, and open burning are identified as the primary local sources across all five states. Energy and industrial sources are also significant for transported PM2.5.

To address these findings, the study proposes the establishment of a dedicated body for airshed-level air quality management, similar to existing commissions. Recommendations also include adopting an approved fuel framework, setting uniform targets for electric vehicle adoption, and phasing out older vehicles. The study suggests utilizing funds from the National Clean Air Programme and state action plans for these initiatives.