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Lakes Vanishing: India's Water Crisis Deepens
27 Apr
Summary
- Globally, 117 million lakes cover 4% of land, yet are shrinking.
- India faces severe lake loss, with J&K losing 518 of 697 lakes.
- Pollution, encroachment, and land-use changes are key drivers.
Lakes, vital natural resources covering 4% of Earth's land, are vanishing due to human impact. In India, this trend is alarming, with Jammu and Kashmir reporting the disappearance or shrinkage of 518 out of 697 recorded lakes.
These water bodies are critical for groundwater recharge, flood regulation, and biodiversity. They also support socio-economic activities like fisheries and tourism. However, pollution from waste and sewage, eutrophication, and illegal encroachment are major threats.
Land-use changes, driven by urban expansion and rising land values, have led to lakes being viewed as real estate. Illegal mining and unregulated tourism further degrade these ecosystems.
Water management is a state subject in India, with limited central legislation. The Wetlands Rules of 2017 and the National Programme for Conservation of Aquatic Eco-system aim to protect lakes and wetlands.
Strengthening governance through a dedicated national legal framework, scientific mapping, and community participation is essential. The Public Trust Doctrine underscores the state's duty to protect these natural resources for future generations.
