Indiana Farms Face 'Forever Chemical' Risk

Sewage sludge, referred to as biosolids when used agriculturally, is utilized as fertilizer by farmers in Indiana and across the U.S. Indiana has regulations in place for biosolids, including limits on certain pollutants and guidelines for their application. However, these regulations do not address per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), also known as 'forever chemicals.'

These persistent synthetic chemicals are found in numerous consumer products and have been detected globally. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is currently considering new regulations for PFAS within biosolids. This effort follows a proposed rule from early 2025 that was delayed. Indiana currently lacks specific reporting requirements or regulatory mechanisms for PFAS content in biosolids.

Despite legislative attempts in Indiana to cap PFAS levels in biosolids, no limits have been enacted. Some states are exploring a ban on biosolids application, but Indiana lawmakers suggest regulation and labeling as more appropriate given its agricultural significance. Researchers are studying PFAS in Indiana, with findings indicating its presence in waterways, though levels in some well water samples were low.

Experts emphasize addressing PFAS at their source rather than solely focusing on biosolids. While land application of biosolids is a significant pathway for PFAS to enter the agricultural landscape, other sources like industrial operations and wastewater treatment plants also contribute. States are exploring various approaches, including testing and remediation funds for farmers, to manage PFAS contamination.