Gomti River Dying: Human Actions Choke Lifeline

The Gomti River, a crucial lifeline for approximately 1.5 crore people and a diverse ecosystem, is facing a critical drying phase. A field survey conducted by Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University teams has identified human activities and natural factors as primary causes for its deteriorating condition. The river's flow has significantly reduced across multiple districts, from its origin in Pilibhit to downstream stretches.

Stretches of the Gomti have become shallow and narrow, facilitating the rampant spread of invasive plants like water hyacinth and restricting natural vegetation. Encroachment along its banks for farming and construction, alongside the clearing of natural vegetation and unprotected wetlands, has further weakened the river's system. Many of its tributaries, such as the Katna and Bhainsi streams, are now seasonal or dry up during non-monsoon periods and summers.

Pollution is another major concern, with significant contamination observed from ritual waste, domestic garbage, plastic litter, and untreated wastewater discharge from sugar mills and drains. Faecal contamination has also been noted due to open defecation. Excessive groundwater abstraction near the river has irreversibly damaged its baseflows, leading to a substantial loss of water.

Researchers emphasize that the Gomti's condition is reversible with timely and coordinated intervention. Ensuring a minimum flow of at least 20 cusecs from the Sharda canal system at the source is crucial for sustaining downstream flow. Protecting wetlands, natural drainage channels, removing encroachments, and safeguarding riverbanks are vital steps for the river's recovery.