Why is the Ganga river flowing less than in 1,300 years?

The Ganga river flow has declined by 17% between 1980 and 2021, primarily due to intensive groundwater pumping for irrigation and a decrease in rainfall.

How has the Indus river flow changed recently?

The Indus river flow has increased by approximately 8% over the past four decades, largely attributed to rising precipitation in its basin.

What is the main cause of the Ganga Basin's falling river flows?

The dominant factor causing falling river flows in the Ganga Basin is intensive groundwater pumping for irrigation, which depletes groundwater reserves that feed the rivers.

Home / Environment / Ganga Drying: South Asia Water Crisis Looms

Ganga Drying: South Asia Water Crisis Looms

14 Feb

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Summary

Ganga river flow declined 17% from 1980-2021.
Indus river flow increased by 8% during same period.
Groundwater pumping significantly impacts Ganga flows.

Ganga Drying: South Asia Water Crisis Looms

A recent study analyzing hydrological data from 1980 to 2021 indicates that the Indus and Ganga river systems in the Indian subcontinent are experiencing diverging trends. The Ganga Basin has faced a substantial 17% reduction in annual streamflow over the past four decades. Researchers attribute this decline primarily to extensive groundwater extraction for agricultural irrigation, exacerbated by a 10% rainfall decrease and rising temperatures.

In contrast, the Indus Basin has seen a modest 8% increase in streamflow during the same period. This rise is largely linked to increased precipitation, especially from western disturbances. However, the study highlights that the overall increase in the Indus does not apply uniformly to all its tributaries.

The research underscores the critical role of groundwater in sustaining river flows, contributing 50% to 70% of annual flow in parts of the Ganga Basin. Intensive pumping, particularly during dry periods, has led to depleted groundwater levels, with some rivers even losing water to aquifers. Experts call for integrated management of surface and groundwater resources, along with adaptive irrigation practices and crop diversification, to address the escalating water security challenges.

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