Cauvery Fish Tainted: Heavy Metals Pose Health Threat

Freshwater fish from the Cauvery river, a vital source of protein in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka villages, may now pose long-term health risks. Recent research by Bharathidasan University scientists has detected elevated levels of heavy metals, such as cadmium and lead, in fish across multiple river stretches. While occasional intake might be safe, prolonged exposure is linked to cumulative non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects. The study, conducted between August 2023 and February 2024, analyzed fish and sediment samples, finding concentrations exceeding health risk thresholds in several instances.

This discovery adds to a growing body of evidence regarding chronic pollution in the Cauvery basin, attributed to industrial effluents and urban sewage. For many low-income households, Cauvery fish is an essential and affordable protein source, difficult to replace with costlier alternatives like meat or eggs. The contamination creates a One Health concern, impacting food chains and ultimately household diets, threatening nutrition security for vulnerable populations.

Health experts emphasize that the risk stems from repeated consumption, a reality for many fishing communities. While alternatives like eggs, milk, and pulses are suggested, practical accessibility remains a challenge. Public advisories and support mechanisms are currently lacking for these communities. Heavy metals like lead and cadmium can lead to serious health issues, including developmental problems in children and organ damage in adults. Addressing industrial effluent treatment and water quality monitoring is crucial to mitigate these risks.