Bihar Birds Vanish: Wetlands Lost to Encroachment

Recent initiatives by the Bihar government have seen some positive results in bird numbers at well-managed sites. However, the broader trend over the past few decades indicates a significant decline in migratory birds visiting the state's sanctuaries and wetlands.

Ornithologists express concern over falling numbers, attributing the decline to habitat degradation and deteriorating water quality. Nearly 60% of bird species in Bihar have decreased over the last three decades, with migratory species, shorebirds, and ducks experiencing the sharpest fall. North Bihar, historically a preferred destination for birds from the upper Himalayas, is now facing challenges.

Kanwar Lake in Begusarai, once a popular spot, is under severe threat from encroachment. Additionally, increased use of agricultural chemicals and discharge of untreated sewage into wetlands have damaged feeding grounds. A study at Rajdhani Jalasaya in Patna documented a drop from nearly 5,000 to just 150 migratory birds.

Migratory birds are vital for ecological balance, acting as natural pest controllers, pollinators, and seed dispersers. They also enrich ecosystems and indicate the health of wetlands. The government has initiated conservation efforts, identifying over 4,000 wetlands for protection and conducting awareness campaigns against hunting and poaching.