School Closures Harm Black, Low-Income Students Most

As school districts grapple with declining enrollment and budget shortfalls, discussions around school closures are increasing. However, research highlights that these closures disproportionately impact Black students and those from low-income communities, who already face significant educational challenges.

Annually, approximately 1% of public schools close, affecting between 100,000 and 250,000 students. While pandemic relief and paused accountability measures temporarily slowed this trend, closure rates are now returning to pre-pandemic levels.

Studies reveal that schools serving majority-Black and high-poverty populations are consistently targeted for closure, even when student enrollment declines at similar rates. This pattern persists despite evidence showing these marginalized students have made gains in academic recovery.

School closures often lead to disruptive academic and behavioral effects, particularly for students reassigned to lower-quality schools. Furthermore, the intended cost savings from closures are not always realized, with some research linking them to long-term declines in test scores and educational attainment.

To advance equity, districts must adopt 'right-sizing' strategies that avoid dismantling neighborhood schools in vulnerable communities. When closures are unavoidable, they must be equitable and transparent, ensuring displaced students are placed in comparable or better schools and that receiving schools are supported.

Addressing the root causes of school closures, such as gentrification and decreased state funding, is crucial. District leaders should not bear this burden alone, and policymakers must intervene to protect students' progress and ensure equitable outcomes.