How does India's rice production impact its groundwater resources?

Producing 1 kg of rice requires approximately 3000-4000 liters of water, leading to the over-exploitation of groundwater in many rice-growing regions across India.

What are the key government interventions for rice production in India?

Key interventions include the National Food Security Act (NFSA) of 2013, efforts towards crop diversification, and pilot projects for rice fortification with iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12.

How does the paddy-wheat cropping cycle affect air quality in India?

The paddy-wheat cycle, combined with mandatory delays in rice cultivation, often prompts farmers to burn crop residue, contributing significantly to seasonal air pollution in northern India.

Home / Business and Economy / India's Rice Dominance: A Double-Edged Sword

India's Rice Dominance: A Double-Edged Sword

2 Feb

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Summary

India leads global rice production, exporting 40% of trade.
Rice cultivation strains India's groundwater resources.
India aims to balance production with ecological sustainability.

India's Rice Dominance: A Double-Edged Sword

India has become the world's largest rice producer, accounting for 28% of global production and 40% of trade in 2024-2025. This position highlights historical cultivation, with origins potentially dating back to the Indus Valley Civilization, and a vast array of local varieties.

Despite its leading role, India faces significant environmental hurdles. The cultivation of rice, a water-intensive crop, heavily relies on groundwater, leading to over-extraction in many key growing regions. This ecological stress has prompted government interventions aimed at crop diversification and sustainable practices.

To address these challenges, India has implemented various policies, including the National Food Security Act, 2013, and initiatives like rice fortification with essential nutrients. Efforts are also underway to promote less water-intensive crops and sustainable farming techniques.