Ancient Homeric text found in Dutch library

An ancient parchment fragment, identified as containing verses from Book 12 of Homer's Odyssey, was discovered at Utrecht University in the Netherlands. Assistant Professor Mark de Kreij identified the text while reviewing early Christian manuscripts. Originally cataloged with Coptic texts, the fragment was moved and nearly overlooked.

Researchers estimate the manuscript dates to the 3rd or 4th century A.D. It contains passages detailing the sun god Helios's discovery of Odysseus's crew's sacrilege. While some suggest it was part of a small, portable edition, others propose it might have been an anthology.

This rare find is significant, as only about 30 similar fragments exist worldwide. The discovery highlights Homer's enduring popularity and the role his works played in education across the ancient world, particularly in the Eastern Mediterranean.